August 29, 2025
Foreign wrestlers have a long history in sumo
SUMO WRESTLER
PHOTO: MANAMI TAKAHASHI
Strictly speaking, sumo had foreign wrestlers even before World War II — two Japanese-Americans competed in the 1930s — but the first wrestler of foreign appearance was Hawaiian-born Takamiyama, who started competing in 1964. Takamiyama not only won tournaments in the top makuuchi division but was popular for his friendly personality.
His scouting efforts also brought in fellow Hawaiians Konishiki, who rose to the rank of ōzeki, as well as Akebono and Musashimaru, who both attained the top rank of yokozuna. The two played the role of antagonists to the popular Japanese brothers Wakanohana and Takanohana during the early 1990s, helping boost the sport’s popularity and winning respect for Hawaiian-born wrestlers from the Japanese public.
During this period, young men from Tonga, Argentina and Brazil were also scouted and brought to Japan, but few adapted well to the lifestyle and the sport, and no outstanding wrestlers emerged.
At the same time, sumo wrestlers began arriving from Mongolia, which had begun democratizing in the early 1990s. They were accepted after a formal request from the federation that governs “Mongolian sumo,” known as “bökh.” At one point, there were so many Mongolian wrestlers that a group of them once tried to escape their stables to go home. That prompted the stables to stop accepting foreign wrestlers for a while, but they resumed in 1998 after agreeing that each stable would have at most one foreign wrestler. Since then, there have been six Mongolian-born yokozuna: Asashoryu, who became known for some behavior unbecoming of his rank; Hakuho, who holds the record for the most makuuchi division wins with 45; and the current yokozuna Hoshoryu.
Europe has also provided several physically imposing wrestlers, with Estonia’s Baruto, Bulgaria’s Kotooshu and Aoiyama, and Georgia’s Kokkai, Gagamaru and Tochinoshin all formerly active in the makuuchi division. The currently active makuuchi wrestlers include Roga from Russia and two from Ukraine: Aonishiki and Shishi.
There are also Muslim wrestlers, such as the retired Osunaarashi from Egypt, who was the first wrestler from Africa to become a sekitori (ranking in the top two divisions). Currently, there is Kinbozan from Kazakhstan, who has his traditional chanko hotpot made with halal ingredients at his stable.
Just as the great Showa Era yokozuna Taiho had a Ukrainian father, many Japanese sumo wrestlers actually have diverse backgrounds. Among active wrestlers today, there are Japanese wrestlers with roots in the Philippines, Thailand, Russia and Nigeria. As they hold Japanese nationality, they are not counted in the one-foreigner-per-stable quota.
On the other hand, since Japanese nationality is necessary for those wanting to remain in the Japan Sumo Association as stablemasters after retiring, many of the foreign wrestlers become naturalized. Hakuho is one of them, and he ran the Miyagino stable for a while after retiring, but was eventually forced to close it due to a scandal involving one of his wrestlers. While awaiting approval to reopen the stable, he unexpectedly resigned from the association in June this year.
“I aim to contribute to the development of sumo from the outside,” he said, and he has also proposed the concept of a “World Sumo Grand Slam.” Many will be closely watching his next moves — as well as his evolving relationship with the Japan Sumo Association.
豊昇龍 智勝
Highest rank: Yokozuna
Country: Mongolia
Age: 26 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Hoshoryu is a nephew of former yokozuna Asashoryu. He gained exposure to judo and wrestling from an early age and traveled to Japan to train as a wrestler at Nippon Sport Science University Kashiwa High School. Inspired after seeing sumo for the first time at the Ryogoku Kokugikan, he joined the Tatsunami stable in 2018. He was hailed as a “yokozuna candidate” almost immediately and steadily advanced through the ranks, eventually becoming a yokozuna in 2024. It is thought he may need a bit more time to fully embrace the role of yokozuna, which demands not only victories but the upholding of the dignity of the rank.
霧島 鐵力
Highest rank: Ōzeki
Country: Mongolia
Age: 29 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Born into a nomadic family of sheepherders, he developed strong legs and overall physique from horseback riding. He came to Japan on a whim to take a sumo test after being introduced by an acquaintance, and decided to join the sumo world “to honor his parents.” Initially known by the ring name Kiribayama, he changed his name to Kirishima upon promotion to ōzeki, inheriting the ring name of a predecessor. He has since fallen from that rank due to injury. His current mentor, Otowayama, is the former yokozuna Kakuryu, who is also from Mongolia.
欧勝馬 出気
Highest rank: Komusubi
Country: Mongolia
Age: 28 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Introduced by Asashoryu, Oshoma trained as a wrestler at Nippon Sport Science University Kashiwa High School alongside Hoshoryu. He picked up sumo after progressing to Nippon Sport Science University. In 2020, during his fourth year, he won the title of student yokozuna and qualified to enter the makushita division. He joined the Naruto stable in 2021. His master is Kotoshu, who is from Bulgaria, and so his ring name includes the Japanese character for Europe (pronounced “ō”) despite the fact that he is Mongolian.
安青錦 新大
Highest rank: Maegashira 1
Country: Ukraine
Age: 21 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Aonishiki started sumo at the age of 7 and became a member of the Ukrainian national team for the Junior Sumo Championships at the age of 15. At 17, he won the Ukrainian wrestling national championship in the 110-kilogram class. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he came to Japan, trained at Kansai University and entered the Ajigawa stable at the age of 18. Using a low-stature attacking style reminiscent of wrestling, he quickly racked up wins and advanced in rank. He has sent the money he earned from awards like the Fighting Spirit Prize to his parents, who are living in Germany as refugees.
阿武剋 一弘
Highest rank: Maegashira 3
Country: Mongolia
Age: 25 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
During his time in Mongolia, Onokatsu played soccer, but at the age of 15, he came to Japan and began sumo wrestling at Niina Gakuen Asahigaoka Senior High School. He continued sumo after enrolling at Nippon Sport Science University, and in 2022, during his fourth year, he won the title of student yokozuna. This qualified him to enter the makushita division and he joined the Onomatsu stable in 2023, advancing to the top division in just five tournaments. Before coming to Japan, he won the Uvs Province mathematics olympiad, showing his talents also extend to academics.
金峰山 晴樹
Highest rank: Maegashira 3
Country: Kazakhstan
Age: 28 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
At 195 centimeters, Kinbozan is the tallest wrestler in the makuuchi division. He has a background in judo and came to Japan at the age of 18 after an introduction by Asashoryu. He started sumo at Meguro Nihon University High School and continued sumo at Nihon University. At the national student sumo championship, his team won and he was runner-up as an individual. He entered the Kise stable in 2021 to compete in the sandanme division. He was promoted to the top makuuchi division after nine tournaments. He is the second Kazakhstani sumo wrestler, after Taiga Kazafuzan.
玉鷲 一朗
Highest rank: Sekiwake
Country: Mongolia
Age: 40 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Tamawashi is known as the “iron man” for continuing to compete in the top division even at the age of 40. During his university days, he decided he wanted to try sumo wrestling to make use of his large frame, and in 2004, he came to Japan with the help of his sister, who was a graduate student at the University of Tokyo. Without any sumo experience or Japanese-language skills, he entered the Kataonami stable and was promoted to the top division in four years. He has won the top division championship twice and continues to compete. He is unusual for a sumo wrestler in that his hobbies include handicrafts and baking cakes. He has acquired Japanese citizenship.
千代翔馬 富士雄
Highest rank: Maegashira 2
Country: Mongolia
Age: 34 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
With a father who was the equivalent of ōzeki rank in Mongolian sumo and an acquaintance of Asashoryu, Chiyoshoma became interested in sumo from an early age. He was scouted by former yokozuna Chiyonofuji, the master of the Kokonoe stable, and enrolled at Meitoku Gijuku High School. He dropped out after two years and entered the Kokonoe stable in 2009. He was diligent and hardworking, but it took him seven years to reach the top division. He has struggled with injuries recently and is expected to be demoted to the second division in the next tournament. He has acquired Japanese citizenship.
狼雅 外喜義
Highest rank: Maegashira 8
Country: Russia
Age: 26 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Roga was born in the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation. His father is Mongolian and his mother is Russian. He changed his nationality to Mongolian after moving there, but identifies as Russian. Although he specialized in wrestling, he traveled to Japan to participate in the Hakuho Cup, hosted by yokozuna Hakuho. He achieved good results and went on to train and study at Tottori Johoku High School. He defeated current yokozuna Hoshoryu on his way to becoming high school yokozuna. He entered the Futagoyama stable and made his debut in the top division in 2023.
獅司 大
Highest rank: Maegashira 11
Country: Ukraine
Age: 28 years old
© NIHON SUMO KYOKAI
Shishi started wrestling at the age of 6 and switched to sumo at the age of 15. He competed in the European Sumo Championships, finishing third, and then set his sights on Japanese sumo. He entered the Irumagawa stable (now the Ikazuchi stable) in 2020 and became the first Ukrainian in sumo, preceding Aonishiki. He made his debut in the top division in 2024. However, he failed to secure enough wins at the Nagoya Basho; he might yet get demoted to the second division. He enters the ring wearing a blue mawashi, the same color as the Ukrainian flag.
日本社会の縮図である相撲界、外国出身力士の活躍に考える。
1300年の歴史があり、神事でもある日本の国技、大相撲。自毛で髷(まげ)を結い、着物を日常で着る力士の姿は、江戸時代の様子を今に伝える「生きる伝統」でもある。閉鎖的な印象のある相撲界だが、実は半世紀以上前から、外国出身力士を受け入れてきた歴史がある。そして現在は幕内力士の4分の1近くが外国出身だ。
日系人以外での最初の外国出身力士は、1960年代にハワイからやってきて人気者になった高見山だ。その後、ハワイから続いた小錦は大関、曙と武蔵丸は横綱になり、ハワイ時代を築いた。1990年代からは民主化が進んだモンゴルからの来日が続き、朝青龍、白鵬、現役の豊昇龍まで、モンゴル出身の横綱は6人にのぼる。
現在は外国出身は各相撲部屋に一人までの制限が設けられたが、モンゴルをはじめロシアやカザフスタン出身の力士の活躍が、日本の国技を支えている。また、日本国籍保有者だがいわゆるハーフの力士も多く、多様化は進んでいる。日本の少子化が加速するなか、大相撲のあり方は日本社会の一つの縮図としても興味深い。
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